The pomegranate tree, slingshot, and harelip are what I see to be symbols in the "Kite Runner".
The tree represents Amir and Hassan's relationship; in the beginning of their childhood, the tree is fruitful, and healthy much like their relationship. Before the rape, Amir and Hassan were like brothers, though Amir wouldn't do everything for Hassan, and teased him on occasion, Hassan was very loyal to Amir. They were raised side by side and were like brothers. After the rape, they are at the pomegranate tree, with Amir trying to get Hassan to hit him back. Instead, Hassan endures the hits, before smashing a pomegranate against his own head. This shows the growing instability of their relationship, the fruit being smashed was to show Amir and Hassan's relationship falling apart. In the future, when Amir returns to Kabul, he finds the tree looking lifeless, and without fruit, to show how the relationship between Amir and Hassan was dead, how they would never be able to reconnect.
The slingshot is a symbol of strength and courage. When Hassan uses the slingshot to defend Amir from Assef, it showed the strength and courage that Amir didn't have because when it came time for Amir to defend Hassan, he didn't have the courage or strength to do anything about it. In a similar situation with Sohrab, and Assef, it is Sohrab with his slingshot pointed at Assef, protecting Amir. Up until this point, Amir was allowing himself to be beaten, when Sohrab steps in to defend him, it again shows strength and courage, which Amir didn't possess to protect Sohrab in this situation.
The harelip symbolizes Hassan. It is his identifier being his most striking feature, as well as being a representation of the Hazaras who were poor without the money to fix deformities. When Amir splits his lip after the fight with Assef, it leaves him with a scar similar to the one Hassan had after the surgery repairing the harelip. This is to show how Amir has become like Hassan, in that he's no longer cowardly, but stands up for himself, and his loved ones.
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